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Electricity Matters

The load shall be computed as under:

Description	Domestic	NRS	Remarks
Light Point	60 watts each (1/2 of total light points to be taken into account	80 Watts each	Fraction of Light Point to be taken as one light point.
Fan Point	80 Watts each (1/3rd of total No. of Fan points to be taken into account)	100 Watts each	Fraction of Fan Point to be taken as one Fan point.
Wall Sockets	60 Watts each (1/4th of total No., of sockets to be taken into account)	80 Watts each (1/3rd of total No. of sockets to be taken into account)	Fraction of Socket to be taken as one socket.
Power sockets	1000 Watts each (1/4th of total No. of Sockets to be taken into account)	2000 Watts each (1/2 of total No. of sockets to be taken into account)	Fraction of Socket to taken as one socket.

SOME ESSENTIAL TERMS IN COMMON USE

1. Electricity: It is a form of energy, which can be transformed to other forms of energy like heat, light, sound etc. The most distinctive feature about it is the ease with which it can be transmitted over long distances.

2. Voltage: It is the electric pressure or degree of electrification, which is responsible for the flow of current. The practical unit of electric potential is volt, which can be measured with the help of a voltmeter.

3. Electric Current: It is the flow of electricity. The difference of potential is a prerequisite for the current to flow. Practical unit of current is Ampere and is measured with the help of Ampere meter (usually called Ammeter). An ordinary lamp of 60 watts draws approximately 1 ampere.

4. Electric Power: It is the rate of doing work and is the multiplication of current (A) and the voltage (V). Electric power is also determined by the voltage and the amount of current flowing.

Power = Voltage X Amperage

The power derived from a current of one ampere following under a voltage of one volt is said to be equal to one watt. The electricity consuming apparatus is rated in terms of either (Kilowatts) (1000 watts) or in terms of horsepower whereas heaters, coolers, bulbs, fans extra are rates in watts or kilowatts. Electric motors are rated in horsepower.

One horse power (H.P) = 746 watts.

5. Electrical Energy: It is the capacity of doing work. The practical unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kwh) or "unit" as it is called in common language. One unit of energy is said to be consumed when electric appliance with rating of 1000 watts is operated for an hour. Electrical energy is measured by means of an energy meter, which is generally installed at the premises of every consumer.

6. Conductors: Just as a path is required for the water to flow from one place to another, conductor are needed for the flow of electric current.

7. Resistance: It is the inherent property of a substance, which resists or opposes the flow of electricity. Obviously good conductors have low resistance whereas bad conductors have very high resistance. The practical unit of measuring resistance is called 'Ohm'. The resistance of a conductor in which a current of one ampere flows when potential difference of one volt is applied at its ends, is said to be one 'ohm'.

8. Line Losses: Where an electric current flows through a circuit (a closed path), heat is developed, as the current is working to overcome the resistance of the conductor. The generation of heat during the process of flow of current consumers some of the electric power. Line losses are an integral phenomenon of flow of current through any circuit.

9. Transformer Losses: Just as transmission of electric power is accompanied by a certain amount of loss of power, the transformation, whether stepping up or down, also involves some loss of power, which is called transformation losses.

10. Maximum Demand of an installation: It is defined as the greatest of all the demand, which have occurred during a given period say during half an hour, an hour, a month, or a year. The maximum demand is measured with the help of a maximum demand indicator.

11. Demand Factor: It is defined as the ratio of actual maximum demand made by a load to the total connected load.

Demand factor = Maximum Demand

Connected load

12. Diversity Factor: It is the ratio of the sums of the maximum demands of various consumers to their simultaneous max. demands. It is usually grater than unity.

13. Load factor: It is defined as the ratio of the power requirements during a particular period to the maximum demand. In other words it denotes the extent of utilization of electric power.

14. Power Factor: Most of the load demand on a electric power supply system is composed of A.C. induction motors and such apparatus which by virtue of its inherent characteristics draws more current than its warranted by the actual load requirements. This excess current is usually used in charging and discharging the magnetic system of the electrical apparatus.

The drawl of excess current is necessitated because of the current becoming sluggish with reference to the voltage or in other words current lagging the voltage-as it is called in electrical terminology. The extent of 'Lag' depends upon the design features of a particular apparatus.

In certain cases a reverse phenomenon i.e. current leading the voltage can also happen as in case of a synchronous motor, but usually the current lags the voltage with the result that the product of current and voltage as explained under its 4 above does not give the true power but is the apparent power. This power is usually greater than the true power. The ratio of the true power to apparent power or of the useful current to the total current known as Power factor.

CUSTOMER SAFETY (Safety Measures to avoid Electrical Accidents) Domestic Consumers

S.No.	DO'S	DON'TS
1.	Use standard pins to tap supply from plug points.	Avoid tapping of supply by inserting bare wires.
2.	Use always standard materials with ISI marks even it costs more.	Don't use lamp brackets to tie wires or ropes to dry clothes.
3.	Fused bulbs may be replaced only after the switch is off.	Changing the fused bulbs when the switch is on is dangerous.
4.	Use always properly earthed 3 pin plugs to connect Refrigerators, wet grinders, mixes, washing machines, iron boxes and geysers etc.	Don't touch an electric switch or appliance when your hands are wet or bleeding from a cut. Don't keep the lamp holders without lamp.
5.	Keep all lamp holders with lamps.	Don't purchase sub-standard electrical fittings to save money which may result in serious accidents.
6.		Don't connect mixies, Refrigerators, wet grinders, washing machines, iron boxes and geysers through unearthed plug pins which may cause serious accidents.

Commercial Consumers

S.No.	DO'S	DON'TS
1.	All wiring works should be done through licensed wiring contractors	Don't travel on vehicles laden with goods beyond the permissible height. This may cause electrical fatal accident due to coming into contact with electrical lines.
2.		Don't tie advertisement boards, flags etc. to the electric post.

Industrial Consumers

S.No.	DO'S	DON'TS
1.	Place men working sign boards on all switches before commencing work	Don't close any switches unless you are familiar with the circuit which controls and know the reason for its being kept open.
2.	Ensure that all the controlling switches are opened and locked or the fuse withdrawn before working on any circuit or apparatus.	Don't touch or tamper with any electrical gear or conductor. Unless you have made sure it is Dead and Earthed. High voltage apparatus may give leakage shock or flash over even without touching
3.	Treat circuit as alive until they are proved to be dead.	Don't test a circuit with bare fingers or hand or other make shift devices to determine whether or not it is alive.
4.	Turn away your face whenever an arc or a flash is expected.	Don't close or open a switch or fuse slowly or hesitatingly. Do it quickly, positively and firmly.
5.	Please see that all splices and connections are securely made.	Don't use wires with poor and deteriorated insulation.
6.	Discharge to earth thoroughly all cables before working on the cores.	Don't be haste and careless. This cause many accidents.
7.	Do test rubber gloves periodically.	Don't throw water on live electric equipment in case of fire. It is dangerous.
8.	Do place rubber mats in front of electrical switch boards.	Don't use fire extinguishers on electrical equipment unless it is clearly marked as suitable for that purpose.
9.	Make sure that all employees are familiar with the location and use of fire fighting apparatus.	Don't work on a pole or elevated position when line is alive, without safety belt and rubber gloves and unless a competent person stands on the ground nearby to direct operations and give warning.
10.	Make sure, when using fire hose, that the jet of water breaks into a fine contact with live electrical apparatus.	Don't use a ladder without a lashing rope otherwise the ladder should be held firmly by another person.
11.	Check fire extinguishers periodically to ensure that they are all in good conditions.	Don't go near running belts and machines.

Subject: Revision of Tariff w.e.f. 1.4.2008

In compliance to the Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission orders dated 3.7.2008 with reference to Petition No. 5 of 2008 relating to tariff for the year 2008-09, wherein the Hon'ble Commission has issued the Tariff order for the FY 08-09, the rates of power supply applicable to various categories of consumers as per tariff order issued by PSERC are revised w.e.f. 1.4.2008 as under:-

PERMANENT SUPPLY

Domestic Supply

a) Upto 100 units – Rs. 240 (P/Kwh) (MMC Rs.32/ KW or part thereof 32)

b) 101-300 units – Rs. 391 (P/Kwh) (MMC Rs.32/ KW or part thereof 32)

c) Above 300 units – Rs. 413 (P/Kwh) (MMC Rs.32/ KW or part thereof 32)

Non Residential Rs. 449 (P/Kwh) (MMC Rs.115/ KW or part thereof 115)

Industrial Supply

Small Power Rs. 358 (P/Kwh) (MMC Rs.95/ KW or part thereof 95)

Medium Supply Rs. 395(P/Kwh) ( MMC Rs.126/ KW or part thereof 126)

NOTES

i) Domestic consumers belonging to SC category with connected load upto 1000 watts will be given 200 units of free power per month in view of the Government subsidy;

ii) Non-SC BPL Domestic Consumers with connected load upto 1000 watts will be given 200 units free power per month in view of the Government subsidy;

iii) AP consumers and consumers mentioned in (i) & (ii) will not be charged service charges and meter rentals in view of the Government subsidy;

iv) Rebate for single point supply to cooperative group housing societies / employers colony will be as per relevant Regulations notified by the
Commission vide Notification No. PSERC/Secy/Reg-38 dated 13.5.2008.

v) All other charges including rentals and deposits which are being collected by the Board as per the "Sales Regulations for Supply of Energy to Consumers" and General Conditions of Tariff & Schedules of Tariff approved by the Commission, will be continued at the existing rates till these are reviewed by the Commission;

vi) Checking of load of DS consumers shall continue to be suspended.

vii) A copy of above tariff rates may be displayed on notice board of all the subdivisions /divisions/circles for wide publicity and for information of all the public.

viii) This information is also available on PSEB Website www.psebindia.org The above instructions be brought to the notice of all concerned for compliance.